Based on a national report prepared in response to the Association Internationale de Droit Pénal (AIDP) Section IV Questionnaire on International Perspectives on AI: Challenges for Judicial Cooperation and International Humanitarian/Criminal Law, the paper examines several questions concerning the criminal-law regulation of artificial intelligence, particularly autonomous weapons systems (AWS), in Croatian law. During the period covered by this article (through the end of 2024), national legislation did not define or limit the use of AWS, and the debate surrounding them had not yet gained momentum. There were also no specific rules governing criminal responsibility for criminal offences involving autonomous weapons systems. Therefore, questions regarding the commission of criminal offences by such technologies could be resolved only via the rules of the general part of the Criminal Code. The same is true for modes of criminal responsibility that could be applied to such offences. In addition, the paper analyses other adjacent topics: the use of the Croatian armed forces and its defence agreements; the normative framework governing the conduct of soldiers; and the rules on the applicability of Croatian criminal law to AI systems, jurisdiction, and conflict of laws.