This paper explores the evolving landscape of military justice and accountability in the context of weapon systems with autonomous functions (WSAF). As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous capabilities in military technology advances, it raises complex issues regarding adherence to International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and ethical considerations of autonomous decision-making in warfare. The article delves into the mechanisms that can be implemented to ensure accountability for actions taken by WSAF, particularly when these systems operate in unforeseen and unprogrammed ways. By examining current and emerging principles of accountability, within the IHL framework and beyond, this study aims to provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary framework for future military justice in the deployment and application of autonomous weapon systems.